Continued
from previous post -
Leo
I, confronts two dangerous men on a more purely diplomatic basis.
During Leo's pontificate Rome is threatened by Attila
the Hun (in 452), and
Gaiseric
the Vandal (in 455). He
negotiates with both and is traditionally credited with persuading
Attila to turn back short of Rome and with convincing Gaiseric that
the city should not be destroyed. Whatever the exact truth of his
achievement, his actions predict a broader role for the papacy. Leo
I, had more political skills than any spiritual power to achieve
this.
The
Ostrogothic Papacy
period ran from 493 to 537. The papal election of March 483 was the
first to take place without the existence of a Western Roman emperor.
The papacy was strongly influenced by the Ostrogothic Kingdom, if the
pope was not outright appointed by the Ostrogothic King. The
selection and administration of popes during this period was strongly
influenced by Theodoric the Great and his successors Athalaric and
Theodahad. This period terminated with Justinian I's reconquest of
Rome during the Gothic War, inaugurating the Byzantine Papacy of
Eastern Orthodox Church(537–752).
The
role of the Ostrogoths became clear in the first schism, when, on
November 22, 498, two men were elected pope. The subsequent triumph
of Pope Symmachus (498–514) over Antipope Laurentius is the first
recorded example of simony in papal history. Symmachus also
instituted the practice of popes naming their own successors, which
held until an unpopular choice was made in 530, and discord only
ended with the selection in 532 of John II, the first to rename
himself upon succession.
King
Theodoric was tolerant towards the Catholic Church and did not
interfere in dogmatic matters. He remained as neutral as possible
towards the pope, though he exercised a preponderant influence in the
affairs of the papacy, institute of Church. Ostrogothic influence
ended with the reconquest of Rome by Justinian, who had had
pro-Gothic Pope Silverius (536–537) deposed and replaced with his
own choice, Pope Vigilius (537–555).
Justinian
I re-conquered Rome and appointed the next three popes. The Byzantine
Papacy was a period of Byzantine domination of the papacy from 537 to
752, when popes required the approval of the Byzantine Emperor for
episcopal consecration, which was made acorcing to ancient Roman
Church customs. Many popes were chosen from the apocrisiarii
(liaisons from the pope to the emperor) or the inhabitants of
Byzantine Greece, Syria, or Sicily. Justinian I conquered the Italian
peninsula in the Gothic War (535–54) and appointed the next three
popes, a practice that would be continued by his successors and later
be delegated to the Exarchate of Ravenna. With the exception of Pope
Martin I, no pope during this period questioned the authority of the
Byzantine monarch to confirm the election of the bishop of Rome
before consecration could occur; however, theological conflicts were
common between pope and emperor in the areas such as "monotheletism"
and "iconoclasm". Greek speakers from Greece, Syria, and
Byzantine Sicily replaced members of the powerful Roman nobles in the
papal chair during this period. Rome under the Greek popes
constituted a "melting pot" of Western and Eastern
Christian traditions, reflected in art as well as liturgy of that
period.
Pope
Gregory I (590–604) was a major figure in asserting papal primacy
and gave the impetus to missionary activity in northern Europe,
including England.
Continues
in the next post -
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may contact me on my Email ID given below,
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Kothare, http://ashokkotharesblog.blogspot.com/
for stories
I
reckon,
http://kotharesviews.blogspot.com/
for philosophy
You
may visit blog, Freedom of Expression,
http://blogs.siliconindia.com/kothare/
for intelligent discussions.
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blog, http://kothare-marathi.blogspot.in/
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