Continued from
previous post –
Interesting
part in this message is that it does not refer to Jesus who they are
supposed to represent! This shows how Roman Catholic Church has gone
farther away from Jesus, as if Jesus is not concerned! Pope Leo XIII,
considered a great diplomat, managed to improve relations with
Russia, Prussia, German France, England and other countries. However,
in light of a hostile anti-Catholic climate in Italy, he continued
the policies of Pius IX towards Italy, without major modifications.
He had to defend the freedom of the Church against Italian
persecutions and attacks in the area of education, expropriation and
violation of Catholic Churches, legal measures against the Church and
brutal attacks, culminating in anticlerical groups attempting to
throw the body of the deceased Pope Pius IX into the Tiber river on
July 13, 1881. The pope even considered moving the papacy to Trieste
or Salzburg, two cities under Austrian control, an idea which the
Austrian monarch Franz Josef I gently rejected.
His
encyclicals changed Church positions on relations with temporal
authorities, and, in the 1891 encyclical Rerum novarum
addressed for the first time social inequality and
social justice issues with Papal authority. He was greatly influenced
by Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler, a German bishop who openly
propagated siding with the suffering working classes Since Leo XIII,
Papal teachings expand on the right and obligation of workers and the
limitations of private property: Pope Pius XI Quadragesimo anno, the
Social teachings of Pope Pius XII on a huge range of social issues,
John XXIII Mater et magistra in 1961, Pope
Paul VI, the encyclical Populorum progressio on World development
issues, and Pope John Paul II, Centesimus annus, commemorating the
100th anniversary of Rerum novarum of Pope Leo
XIII.
The
eclipse of papal temporal power during the 19th century was
accompanied by a recovery of papal prestige. The monarchist reaction
in the wake of the French Revolution and the later emergence of
constitutional governments served alike, though in different ways, to
sponsor that development. The reinstated monarchs of Catholic Europe
saw in the papacy a conservative ally rather than a jurisdictional
rival. Later, when the institution of constitutional governments
broke the ties binding the clergy to the policies of royal regimes,
Catholics were freed to respond to the renewed spiritual authority of
the pope.
The popes of the 19th
and 20th centuries exercised their spiritual authority with
increasing vigor and in every aspect of religious life. By the
crucial pontificate of Pope Pius IX (1846–1878), for example, papal
control over worldwide Catholic missionary activity was firmly
established for the first time in history.
Continues
in next post –
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me on my Email ID given below,
You are invited to
visit my other blogs
Ashok
Kothare, http://ashokkotharesblog.blogspot.com/
for
stories
I
reckon,
http://kotharesviews.blogspot.com/
for philosophy
You
may visit blog, Freedom of Expression,
Freedom
of Expression, http://kothare-thinks.blogspot.in/
Marathi
blog, http://kothare-marathi.blogspot.in/
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